The role of Prenatal Care and Social Risk Factors in the relationship between immigrant status and neonatal morbidity: A retrospective cohort study
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Paz Zulueta, María



Date
2015Derechos
Atribución 3.0 España.
© Los autores. Data Ability Statement. The authors confirm that, for approved reasons, some access restrictions apply to the data underlying the findings. The data are available on request from the University of Cantabria Archive (http://repositorio.unican.es/xmlui/handle/10902/6037) for researchers who meet the criteria for access to confidential data. Requests may be sent to Professor Miguel Santibañez (miguel.santibanez@unican.es) or María Paz-Zulueta (maria.paz@unican.es). This restriction is due to ethical compliance in order to not compromise study participants' privacy, since dataset derive from clinical studies involving human participants. The data could be de-anonymised due to the small number of preterm infants in Cantabria, and violate the privacy and confidentiality of personal information of research subjects
Publicado en
PLoS One. 2015 Mar 27;10(3):e0120765
Publisher
Public Library of Science
Abstract:
Background and Aim Literature evaluating association between neonatal morbidity and immigrant status presents contradictory results. Poorer compliance with prenatal care and greater social risk factors among immigrants could play roles as major confounding variables, thus explaining contradictions. We examined whether prenatal care and social risk factors are confounding variables in the relationship between immigrant status and neonatal morbidity. Methods Retrospective cohort study: 231 pregnant African immigrant women were recruited from 2007–2010 in northern Spain. A Spanish population sample was obtained by simple random sampling at 1:3 ratio. Immigrant status (Spanish, Sub-Saharan and Northern African), prenatal care (Kessner Index adequate, intermediate or inadequate), and social risk factors were treated as independent variables. Low birth weight (LBW < 2500 grams) and preterm birth (< 37 weeks) were collected as neonatal morbidity variables. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) were estimated by unconditional logistic regression with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results Positive associations between immigrant women and higher risk of neonatal morbidity were obtained. Crude OR for preterm births in Northern Africans with respect to nonimmigrants was 2.28 (95% CI: 1.04–5.00), and crude OR for LBW was 1.77 (95% CI: 0.74–4.22). However, after adjusting for prenatal care and social risk factors, associations became protective: adjusted OR for preterm birth = 0.42 (95% CI: 0.14–1.32); LBW = 0.48 (95% CI: 0.15–1.52). Poor compliance with prenatal care was the main independent risk factor associated with both preterm birth (adjusted OR inadequate care = 17.05; 95% CI: 3.92–74.24) and LBW (adjusted OR inadequate care = 6.25; 95% CI: 1.28–30.46). Social risk was an important independent risk factor associated with LBW (adjusted OR = 5.42; 95% CI: 1.58– 18.62). Conclusions Prenatal care and social risk factors were major confounding variables in the relationship between immigrant status and neonatal morbidity.
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