Análisis económico financiero del sector textil

Abstract

RESUMEN: En la situación internacional cambiante en las exportaciones e importaciones de textiles, el consumo de prendas en España está decreciendo. Las compañías necesitan exportar a otros países para continuar incrementando sus ventas. El principal objetivo de este trabajo es conocer más el sector textil español y su situación para alcanzar el gran reto de continuar ampliando su internacionalización. El análisis financiero que he llevado a cabo cuenta del estudio de una muestra de 252 empresas españolas de la Base de datos de SABI. He analizado varias partidas de la cuenta de pérdidas y ganancias y ratios: el fondo de maniobra, el ratio de liquidez inmediata, el ratio de liquidez general, el ratio de prueba ácida, el ratio de solvencia, el ratio de autonomía financiera, el ROE, ROA y el apalancamiento financiero. He dividido mi estudio en las siguientes cuestiones: Situación internacional. Situación y análisis económico financiero en España Y conclusiones. Dentro del análisis económico financiero en España se encuentra el estudio de la muestra, primero la utilizo para analizar la situación en España y luego divido los ratios en 4 partes en las que en cada una busco una conclusión: Análisis financiero a corto plazo que se centra en el estudio de la liquidez. Análisis financiero a largo plazo que se centra en el estudio de la solvencia. Análisis de los resultados que se centra en las ventas, beneficios antes de intereses y amortizaciones. Análisis de las rentabilidades que estudia el ROA, ROE y el apalancamiento financiero.

ABSTRACT: The textile sector is important in the development of countries because it can be the way to get out of the agriculture sector and improve in the manufacturing industry. Nevertheless, the growth rates of developed countries have slowed down. Generally, the cost of production in developed countries is higher and as a result offshoring of the textile industry in cheaper neighboring countries occurs. Emerging economies such as China, India, Bangladesh, Vietnam or Pakistan are the key drivers of growth. China is the world leader of textile exports but it is losing global competitiveness and part of its production is being replaced to other developing countries. In this changing International situation, the consumption of clothes and garments in Spain is decreasing. Companies need to become internationalized in order to increase their sales. I want to analyze the economic and financial situation of the textile sector so as to assess the capacity to reach the challenge of internationalization and in order to learn more about the textile sector. The process begins with SABI database´s sample of balance sheets and income statements of 252 Spanish companies. The financial analysis carried out is based on the study of several loss and profit records and 9 ratios: working capital, instant liquidity, general liquidity, acid test, solvency rate, financial autonomy, return on equity, return on assets and financial leverage. I have organized my financial and economic study in the followings points: International situation. Economic and financial situation in Spain. And Conclusion. Inside the point of the economic and financial situation in Spain we can find the study of the 252 companies’ sample. First, I analyze the situation of the Spanish textile industry. Later, I settle the 9 ratios and 4 main parts with their own sum up: Short term financial analysis whose main idea is the liquidity. Long term financial analysis whose main idea is the evaluation of the solvency. Profit analysis, which focuses on sales, earnings before interest depreciation and amortization as well as net earnings. Profitability analysis which studies ROA, ROE and the financial leverage. To continue, I will start with the preface.