Suicidio : detección y prevención

Abstract

El suicidio es un problema de distribución mundial de finalidades diferentes, desde llamadas de atención hasta la solución definitiva a la desesperanza. Supone, a nivel mundial, un millón de casos al año, estimándose que las cifras aumenten, ya que es la tendencia en los últimos años. El problema alcanza tal gravedad que, en España, llega a ser la primera causa de muerte no natural. Con el tiempo, el concepto de suicidio se ha contemplado según la cultura. En la sociedad actual, se considera un tema tabú, del cual derivan creencias corregibles y el enmascaramiento de los casos reales. Existe un perfil del individuo con altas probabilidades de suicidarse, según diferentes factores sociodemográficos y clínicos (nivel socioeconómico, sexo, patología mental diagnosticada, etc.). Este perfil debe ser muy bien conocido por los profesionales de Enfermería para lograr una detección, y puesta en marcha de los programas de prevención del suicidio. Para lograr una intervención de calidad, los profesionales deben poseer conocimientos y habilidades que les preste la aptitud en el control del suicidio. También, se considera necesaria la eliminación de prejuicios en el trato, ya que los pacientes depositan su confianza en el sector sanitario para reducir su sensación de malestar.

Suicide is a problem around the world with different purposes, since callings for attention until the last solution of sadness. Globally, there are a million cases in a year, however it is estimated that dates increase, as the tendency in recent years is. The problem is such important that, in Spain, becomes the first no-natural cause of death. Over time, the concept of suicide is considered depending on the culture. In today's society, it is considered a taboo subject, wherefrom correctable beliefs and the masking of real cases derive. There is a profile of the person likely to commit suicide, according to several sociodemographic and clinical (socioeconomic status, gender, diagnosed mental illness, etc.) factors. This profile must be well known by professionals of Nursing to achieve an early detection and introduce suicide prevention programs. To achieve a quality intervention, professionals must have knowledge and skills to provide them the ability in the suicide control. The removal of prejudices in the traetment was also considered necessary, since patients put their trust in the health sector to reduce the feeling of discomfort.

ABSTRACT: Suicide is a problem around the world with different purposes, since callings for attention until the last solution of sadness. Globally, there are a million cases in a year, however it is estimated that dates increase, as the tendency in recent years is. The problem is such important that, in Spain, becomes the first no-natural cause of death. Over time, the concept of suicide is considered depending on the culture. In today's society, it is considered a taboo subject, wherefrom correctable beliefs and the masking of real cases derive. There is a profile of the person likely to commit suicide, according to several sociodemographic and clinical (socioeconomic status, gender, diagnosed mental illness, etc.) factors. This profile must be well known by professionals of Nursing to achieve an early detection and introduce suicide prevention programs. To achieve a quality intervention, professionals must have knowledge and skills to provide them the ability in the suicide control. The removal of prejudices in the traetment was also considered necessary, since patients put their trust in the health sector to reduce the feeling of discomfort.