Estudio analítico de un bloque con grabados paleolíticos procedente del estrato E de La Garma A (Ribamontán al Monte, Cantabria)

Abstract

RESUMEN El objeto de estudio es un bloque de caliza que pertenece a un nivel gravetiense de la cueva de La Garma A (Cantabria), datado en ca. 22800 cal BC (22200 BP), algo que le hace ser una pieza muy relevante, tanto por su antigüedad y valor histórico, como por la escasez de objetos de arte mueble de esa época. Dada la dificultad de reconocer los grabados de este objeto a simple vista, nos proponemos como primer objetivo la extracción de la información para poder hacer un buen análisis de las figuras e incisiones sueltas que aparecen. Otro objetivo es conseguir contextualizar los grabados encontrados, para ello será importante controlar representaciones del momento, así como el clima, la alimentación o la fauna. Para finalizar, se buscarán posibles redes de comunicación entre los pobladores de La Garma A con el resto de habitantes de la zona occidental europea. Con el estudio de este bloque pretendemos hacer un aporte al arte premagdaleniense. Es muy importante por la gran cantidad de información que nos puede aportar per se, por el emplazamiento del hallazgo y por la época en la que está datado.

ABSTRACT The object of study is a block of limestone belonging to a Gravettian level in La Garma A Cave (Cantabria) dated to ca. 22800 cal BC ( 22200 BP ). It is a special piece, on the one hand, due to its age and historical value, and on the other hand because of the scarcity of portable art that exists within this time period. Given the lack of visibility of the prints at first blush, our primary aim is to extract information in order to make a proper analysis of the figures and loose incisions that appear to us. Another aim is to contextualize the engravings found, and for this it will be important to control representations at the time of engraving as well as the weather, food, or wildlife. Finally, we will seek possible networks of communication between the residents of La Garma A with the other inhabitants of Western Europe. To perform the job, the first thing that we must accomplish is to locate all incisions of anthropic character using a magnifying glass, creating a photographic record of the most important marks. Subsequently we will develop a proper tracing in order to begin studying its context and to compare it with previous publications. As for the limestone block, it will be restored by gluing together the pieces in which it was divided at the time of removal, when its value was still unknown. Through the study of this limestone block, we aim to make a further contribution to premagdalenian art. It is an important object due to the wealth of information that it can provide in and of itself, and the location and dating of the find.