Manejo exitoso de la pérdida de efecto fin de dosis con eptinezumab: enseñanzas de un caso de migraña crónica refractaria a dos anticuerpos anti-CGRP subcutáneos

Abstract

Introducción: Los anticuerpos monoclonales contra el péptido relacionado con el gen de la calcitonina (CGRP) han supuesto una revolución en el tratamiento de la migraña, aunque un tercio de los pacientes no responden a estos fármacos. Una de las causas emergentes de no respuesta aparente podría ser la pérdida del efecto fin de dosis, como demuestra el caso de nuestra paciente. Caso Clínico: Mujer de 36 años con diagnóstico de migraña con aura desde la infancia y evolución a migraña crónica con cefalea diaria en los últimos 5 años asociando abuso de medicación y múltiples fallos a preventivos orales, toxina botulínica y dos anticuerpos contra el CGRP (erenumab y galcanezumab). Tras el inicio de eptinezumab trimestral, presenta una importante mejoría en el número de días de cefalea al mes durante las primeras 8 semanas, pero experimenta un claro deterioro fin de dosis en el tercer mes durante los dos primeros ciclos de tratamiento. Por ello, se ajusta su administración a cada 8 semanas con un excelente control de la frecuencia de su migraña. Conclusión: Los anticuerpos anti-CGRP pueden presentar pérdida de efecto fin de dosis, siendo necesaria su identificación para realizar ajuste posológico individualizado y evitar así, de manera errónea, etiquetarlo como un fracaso terapéutico. Nuestro caso demuestra, además, que los pacientes con migraña crónica refractaria a dos anticuerpos pueden responder a un tercer fármaco, en este caso a eptinezumab por vía intravenosa.

Background/Objectives: Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) represents a common ophthalmological disorder that, if untreated, often leads to severely impaired vision. The classic vascular risk factors, aging and glaucoma, represent the core pathogenic factors for RVO. However, antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) has been involved in a non-negligible number of patients with RVO. The main objective of the present study was to assess the performance of the new 2023 ACR/EULAR classification criteria for APS in a cohort of patients with RVO fulfilling the Sydney classification criteria. Methods: A prospective study of consecutive patients with RVO diagnosed with APS in a third-level university hospital. The new 2023 ACR/EULAR classification criteria for APS were applied to all patients. Vascular risk factors, the antiphospholipid antibody (aPL) profile, clinical management, and clinical outcomes were assessed and compared between those fulfilling the Sydney and the 2023 ACR/EULAR criteria. Results: Sixty-nine RVO-APS patients were included in the study. After applying the new classification criteria, 18 patients (26.1%) did not fulfill the new criteria for APS. Specifically, 17 (24.6%) were excluded due to the new Domain 8 (p < 0.001) as they presented only aPL IgM serology, and 1 patient (1.4%) was excluded due to having high venous thromboembolic risk (VTE) with a clinical domain score < 3. Interestingly enough, the presence of high arterial risk (45.1% vs. 50%; p = 0.72) was greater than the presence of high VTE (3.9% vs. 5.6%; p = 0.99); in both cases, the 51 RVO-APS patients were classified with the 2023 ACR/EULAR criteria, and the 18 cases were excluded according to the new classification criteria. Except for the expected differences in serological domains (Domain 7, p < 0.001, and Domain 8, p < 0.001), we did not find other significant differences in terms of prognosis or risk of recurrence between both groups of patients. Conclusions: The implementation of the new ACR/EULAR 2023 classification criteria for APS resulted in the exclusion of about one out of four previously diagnosed RVO-APS patients. The higher prevalence of manifestations of high arterial risk compared with high VTE among both newly classified and excluded APS patients highlights the importance of monitoring cardiovascular risk factors for both the prevention and the management of potential retinal and cardiovascular events.