| dc.contributor.author | Ruiz Azcona, Laura | |
| dc.contributor.author | Pellico López, María Amada | |
| dc.contributor.author | Manjón-Rodríguez, Jimena B. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Sánchez Movellán, Mar | |
| dc.contributor.author | Ajo Bolado, Purificación | |
| dc.contributor.author | García-Vázquez, José | |
| dc.contributor.author | Hernández-Aguado, Ildefonso | |
| dc.contributor.author | Cayón-De las Cuevas, Joaquín | |
| dc.contributor.author | Paz Zulueta, María | |
| dc.contributor.other | Universidad de Cantabria | es_ES |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2022-02-03T17:36:41Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2022-02-03T17:36:41Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2022-01-13 | |
| dc.identifier.issn | 1661-7827 | |
| dc.identifier.issn | 1660-4601 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10902/23852 | |
| dc.description.abstract | Respect for different sexual options and orientations prevents the occurrence of hate crimes
against lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and intersex (LGTBI) persons for this reason. Our aim was to
review the legislation that protects the rights of LGTBI people and to quantify the victimization
rates of hate crimes based on sexual identity and orientation. A retrospective observational study
was conducted across all regions of Spain from 2011?2021. The laws on LGTBI rights in each region
were identified. Hate crime victimization data on sexual identity and orientation were collected in
annual rates per 100,000 inhabitants, annual percentage change and average change during the study
period to assess the trend. The regulatory development of laws against discrimination against LGTBI
individuals is heterogeneous across regions. Overall, in Spain there is an upward trend in the number
of hate crime victimizations motivated by sexual identity or orientation. The effectiveness of data
collection, thanks to better training and awareness of police forces regarding hate crimes and the
processes of data cleansing and consolidation contributes to a greater visibility of hate crimes against
LGTBI people. | es_ES |
| dc.description.sponsorship | Project Nextval 2019/14 funded by Fundación Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla | |
| dc.format.extent | 13 p. | es_ES |
| dc.language.iso | eng | es_ES |
| dc.publisher | MDPI | es_ES |
| dc.rights | © [2022] by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license. | es_ES |
| dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | * |
| dc.source | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2022, 19(2), 859 | es_ES |
| dc.subject.other | Public Health Law | es_ES |
| dc.subject.other | Civil Rights | es_ES |
| dc.subject.other | Sexual Health | es_ES |
| dc.subject.other | Sexual and Gender Minorities | es_ES |
| dc.subject.other | Hate | es_ES |
| dc.title | Evolution of legislation and crimes based on sexual identity or orientation in Spain: a retrospective observational study (2011-2021) | es_ES |
| dc.type | info:eu-repo/semantics/article | es_ES |
| dc.rights.accessRights | openAccess | es_ES |
| dc.identifier.DOI | 10.3390/ijerph19020859 | |
| dc.type.version | publishedVersion | es_ES |
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