Removal of aniline and benzothiazole wastewaters using an efficient MnO2/GAC catalyst in a photocatalytic fluidised bed reactor
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Ferreiro Santiso, Cristian; Villota Salazar, Natalia; Lombraña Alonso, José Ignacio; Rivero Martínez, María José
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2021-09-10Derechos
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution(CC BY) license.
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Materials, 2021, 14(18), 5207
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MDPI
Palabras clave
MnO2/GAC composite
Fluidised bed photoreactor
Aniline
Benzothiazole
Sustainable photocatalysis
Industrial wastewater
Resumen/Abstract
This work presents an efficient method for treating industrial wastewater containing aniline and benzothiazole, which are refractory to conventional treatments. A combination of heterogeneous photocatalysis operating in a fluidised bed reactor is studied in order to increase mass transfer and reduce reaction times. This process uses a manganese dioxide catalyst supported on granular activated carbon with environmentally friendly characteristics. The manganese dioxide composite is prepared by hydrothermal synthesis on carbon Hydrodarco® 3000 with different active phase ratios. The support, the metal oxide, and the composite are characterised by performing Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller analysis, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, X-ray fluorescence analysis, UV–Vis spectroscopy by diffuse reflectance, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in order to evaluate the influence of the metal oxide on the activated carbon. A composite of MnO2/GAC (3.78% in phase α-MnO2) is obtained, with a 9.4% increase in the specific surface of the initial GAC and a 12.79 nm crystal size. The effect of pH and catalyst load is studied. At a pH of 9.0 and a dose of 0.9 g L−1, a high degradation of aniline and benzothiazole is obtained, with an 81.63% TOC mineralisation in 64.8 min.
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