Control de la carga de gas licuado en el proceso de transferencia de custodia en buques tanque y terminales

Abstract

Es el resultado de un estudio y análisis del proceso de control de la carga de gas licuado en el momento en que se realiza la transferencia de custodia, en el cual se analiza la operativa en dos áreas: La inspección de calidad e inspección cantidad. Se desarrolla la síntesis del control de carga en la transferencia de custodia, la descripción del funcionamiento del proceso, la normativa y elementos que caracterizan la transferencia de gases licuados. Además se incluyen el análisis y ejemplos explicativos de los procedimientos estandarizados y optimizados de métodos de inspección de cantidad y calidad de gas, principalmente NG (gas natural), PG (gases del petróleo), químicos y Bunkering GN. El transporte licuado implica unas condiciones técnicas especiales de logística de buques tanques especializados (Metaneros LNG y LPG), cadena de transporte y transferencia de custodia (Custody Transfer). Con aspectos particulares de cuantificación con el uso de la unidad de la energía, aparejado al uso del Poder calorífico superior como parámetro de calidad esencial, valor y precio que en definitiva requiere de unos métodos, técnica, instrumentos diferenciales de inspección / control y normativas adaptadas: LPGSTM (Liquefied Petroleum Gas Specifications and Test Method) de GPA ( Gas Processors Association), LNG CT HB (LNG Custody Transfer Handbook) de GIIGNL (International group of liquefied natural gas importers), GLNGBPAA (Guidance on LNG Bunkering to Port Authorities and Administrations) de EMSA (European Maritime Safety Agency), MPMS API (American petroleum institute), ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials), OIML (International Organization of Legal Metrology), ISO (International Organization for Standardization), Evaluación de datos de medición Guía para la Expresión de la Incertidumbre de Medida CEM (Centro Español de Metrología) tradución de GUM (Guide to the Expression of uncertainty in mesurements) del BIMP (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures), Manuales de las principales agencias de inspection IFIA (International Federation of Inspection Agencies).

The technical study of the control of the liquefied gas load in the custody transfer process includes the quality and quantity inspection in the context in which it is developed. First, the definitions of cargo control and transfer of custody, the description of the operation of the process, and the regulations and elements that characterize the transfer of liquefied gases, are described. The liquefied transport implies special technical conditions of logistics of specialized tanks (LNG carrier and LPG carrier), chain of transport and transfer of custody (Custody Transfer). With particular aspects of quantification with the use of the energy unit, coupled with the use of the higher calorific value as a parameter of essential quality, value and price that ultimately requires methods, techniques, differential inspection / control instruments and adapted regulations. Following, are shown some analysis and explanatory examples of the next standardized and optimized procedures for gas quantity and quality inspection methods, mainly NG (natural gas), PG (petroleum gases), GN bunkering and chemicals: LPGSTM (Liquefied Petroleum Gas Specifications and Test Method) of GPA (Gas Processors Association); LNG CT HB (LNG Custody Transfer Handbook) of GIIGNL (International group of liquefied natural gas importers); GLNGBPAA (Guidance on LNG Bunkering to Port Authorities and Administrations) of EMSA (European Maritime Safety Agency); MPMS API (American petroleum institute); ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials); OIML (International Organization of Legal Metrology); ISO (International Organization for Standardization). Moreover, an evaluation of measurement data Guide for the Expression of the Uncertainty of Measurement CEM (Spanish Metrology Center) translation of GUM (Guide to the Expression of uncertainty in mesurements) of the BIMP (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) is presented. Also, are included several manuals of the main inspection agencies IFIA (International Federation of Inspection Agencies).