RESUMEN: El faro es un símbolo de las ciudades costeras, que en la antigüedad realizaba una gran labor,
guiando los barcos por la costa y favoreciendo su entrada a los puertos. Llegaron a configurar el paisaje urbano de muchas ciudades. Dichos faros, que comenzaron siendo simples hogueras en los puntos más altos de la costa, fueron desarrollándose, dando lugar a avances en su configuración geométrica o en sus dispositivos de luminiscencia.
Actualmente, con motivo de los avances tecnológicos que han ido aconteciendo, dichas estructuras han ido perdiendo su importancia, aunque siguen manteniendo su valor patrimonial, es por ello que deben de tratar de mantenerse en el mejor estado posible.
Con este Trabajo de Fin de Grado se pretende catalogar los faros existentes en Cantabria, caracterizarlos geométricamente y estudiar los procesos patológicos que les afectan, proponiendo posibles causas y una terapéutica aplicable de carácter general.
Para ahondar en el estudio, se desarrolló una valoración del desempeño estructural de un caso concreto, el faro de Cabo Mayor sito en Santander. Así, partiendo de la geometría existente y mediante la estimación de las características de los materiales formes de la estructura, se creó un modelo de elementos finitos para el análisis de dicho faro bajo acciones eólicas, térmicas y de peso propio.
ABSTRACT: The Lighthouse is a symbol of the coastal cities which in antiquity did a great job for boats,
guiding them along the coast and ports entry; even to set up the urban landscape in many cities. These lighthouses began being simple bonfires on the highest points of the coast, and have been suffering advances in their geometry and their luminescence device over the years.
Currently, due to the technological advances that have happened such structures have been losing its importance, although they continue to maintain their heritage value; therefore it is tried to keep them in the best possible state.
Intends with this final degree project are to catalogue the existing ones, separating them by regions, characterizing them geometrically and studying the pathologies present in each one of them, proposing possible causes and the applicable therapeutic.
To assist in the conservation of these lighthouses, a structural study of a particular case will be carried out. It was originally thought to develop a test campaign that ultimately was ruled out for various reasons.
With the geometric data available and by the determination of the characteristics of the materials that comprise it, a model of finite element will be created using SAP2000 software, where several cases will be studied with the loads that the lighthouse must support, in extreme situations as in frequent.
