@article{10902/35349,
year = {2025},
month = {1},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/10902/35349},
abstract = {Despite the outstanding progress in photonic sensor devices, a major limitation for its application as label-free biosensors for biomedical analysis lies in the surface biofunctionalization step, that is, the reliable immobilization of the biorecognition element onto the sensor surface. Here, we report the integration of bottom-up synthesized nanoporous graphene onto bimodal waveguide interferometric biosensors as an atomically precise biofunctionalization scaffold. This combination leverages the high sensitivity of bimodal waveguide interferometers and the large functional surface area of nanoporous graphene to create highly sensitive, selective, and robust biosensors for the direct immunoassay detection of C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammatory biomarker widely used in the clinical diagnosis of infections and sepsis. The limit of detection was determined at 3 ng/mL, which is well below the clinical cutoff levels required for the diagnostic detection of CRP in patient samples. This innovative approach holds promise for transforming diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and various fields requiring precise biomolecular detection.},
organization = {M.S. acknowledges economic support of the Ramon y Cajal Fellowship (RYC2020-029015-I) funded by the AEI/MCIN and the European Union NextGeneration EU/PRTR. CM was supported by Grant RYC2019-028110-I funded by MICIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ESF Investing in your future”, SUBVTC-2022-0010, PID2022-140827OB-I00 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by FEDER, UE and CNS2023-144257 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by NextGeneration EU/PRTR. The ICN2 is supported by the Severo Ochoa Centres of Excellence Programme, Grant CEX2021-001214-S, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039.501100011033. ICN2 is funded by the CERCA programme (Generalitat de Catalunya). The NanoB2A group is a consolidated research group (Grup de Recerca) of the Generalitat de Catalunya and has support from the Departament de Recerca i Universitats de la Generalitat de Catalunya. D.P. and J.C.E. acknowledge financial support from Spanish MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through grant PID2022-140845OB-C62, and from Xunta de Galicia (Centro de Investigación do Sistema Universitario de Galicia, 2023-2027, ED431G 2023/03).},
publisher = {American Chemical Society},
publisher = {ACS Applied Nano Materials, 2025, 8(3), 1640-1648},
title = {Nanoporous graphene integrated onto bimodal waveguide biosensors for detection of C-reactive protein},
author = {Lisboa, Bárbara and Soler, Maria and Singh, Rukmani and Castro-Esteban, Jesús and Peña, Diego and Mugarza, Aitor and Lechuga, Laura M. and Moreno Sierra, César},
}