@article{10902/27267,
year = {2022},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/10902/27267},
abstract = {Metastatic melanoma is a highly immunogenic tumor with very poor survival rates due to immune system escape-mechanisms. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) and the programmed death-1 (PD1) receptors, are being used to impede immune evasion. This immunotherapy entails an increment in the overall survival rates. However, melanoma cells respond with evasive molecular mechanisms. ERK cascade inhibitors are also used in metastatic melanoma treatment, with the RAF activity blockade being the main therapeutic approach for such purpose, and in combination with MEK inhibitors improves many parameters of clinical efficacy. Despite their efficacy in inhibiting ERK signaling, the rewiring of the melanoma cell-signaling results in disease relapse, constituting the reinstatement of ERK activation, which is a common cause of some resistance mechanisms. Recent studies revealed that the combination of RAS-ERK pathway inhibitors and ICI therapy present promising advantages for metastatic melanoma treatment. Here, we present a recompilation of the combined therapies clinically evaluated in patients.},
organization = {Funding: PC lab is supported by grant PID2021-126288OB-I00 from the Spanish Ministry of Science (MICIU/AEI/FEDER, UE); PIE 202220E003 from Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; and CIBERONC from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII). AP: Spanish Ministry of Science (PID2020-115605RB-I00), CIBERONC, Junta de Castilla y León (CSI146P20), and the CRIS Cancer Foundation. Our labs receive support from the European Union Regional Development Funding Program (FEDER).},
publisher = {MDPI},
publisher = {Biomolecules 2022, 12(11), 1562},
title = {Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and RAS–ERK Pathway-Targeted Drugs as Combined Therapy for the Treatment of Melanoma},
author = {Morante Ezquerra, Marta and Pandiella, Atanasio and Crespo Baraja, Piero and Herrero Mier, Ana},
}